![]() ![]() We also present results from a recent study conducted in 2020 on the island of Upolu to define the current status of the CRB population and its BCA, OrNV. Therefore, it is timely to review the history of CRB in Samoa and summarize experiences in development of an integrated pest management (IPM) system limiting the impact of the pest. Changing economic and social conditions in Samoa and other islands of the Pacific require a re-evaluation of the threat of CRB to coconut production to suggest how the IPM system may be modified to meet future needs. The biocontrol release was very successful and became the prime example of "classical biological control" of an insect pest by a virus. Various pest management strategies were attempted but had limited success until the introduction of a biological control agent (BCA), Oryctes rhinoceros nudivirus (OrNV), during the late 1960s and early 1970s. An intensive control operation was initiated, but the beetle could not be eliminated. The exotic pest from Asia became the principal pest of coconut palms in Samoa and, from this first point of invasion, spread to several surrounding countries in the South-West Pacific Ocean. All rights reserved.It is now more than 100 years since the coconut rhinoceros beetle (CRB: Oryctes rhinoceros L.) was first detected in the Pacific Island state of Samoa. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a rare event like Typhoon Dolphin that hit Guam in 2015 can lead to a quick rise of the CRB population.īiological control Breeding site Insect pest Mathematical model Typhoon.Ĭopyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. Our model predicts that the sanitation efforts need to roughly double from the current levels to eliminate CRB from Guam. We show that, in the absence of viable virus control, the sanitation, i.e., the removal of the green waste is the most efficient way to control the population. We also identify control levels required to eliminate CRBs. We derive the basic reproduction number determining the CRB population growth without any control measures. We calibrate and validate the model based on data count of CRBs trapped in Guam between 20. We carefully consider CRB life stages and its interplay with coconut palms as well as "the green waste", the organic matters used by CRB for breeding sites. In this paper, we present a compartmental ODE model of CRB population and control. However, a new haplotype CRB-Guam has recently escaped this control and invaded Guam, other Pacific islands, and has even established itself in the Western Hemisphere. Its expansion from Asia to the Pacific in the early 20th century has been stopped by virus control. Electronic address: coconut rhinoceros beetle (CRB), is one of the most damaging pests to coconut palms causing severe economic harm. Electronic address: 8 Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA. Electronic address: 7 Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA. ![]() Electronic address: 6 Division of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Guam, Mangilao, GU, 96923, USA. Electronic address: 5 Division of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Guam, Mangilao, GU 96923, USA. Electronic address: 4 Division of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Guam, Mangilao, GU, 96923, USA. Electronic address: 3 Harvest Christian Academy, Barrigada, GU 96921, USA. Electronic address: 1 Division of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Guam, Mangilao, GU, 96923, USA. ![]() 1 Division of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Guam, Mangilao, GU, 96923, USA. ![]()
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